The top layer of soil is very light which is easily carried away by wind and water. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion sheet erosion. This lesson plan can easily be used for an introduction or expanded for elementary, secondary, middle school, and university students. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free. Vetiver grass has become a global bandaid in the prevention of soil erosion because it will grow in most climates and soils source. Sheet erosion transports soil particles in the shallow flow of water as it runs off. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of soil dirt. If the soil has eroded, the crops that make food will not grow very well soil erosion was a big problem in the midwestern united states in the 1930s dust bowl erosion also leaves large sinkholes in the ground, which can weaken buildings and even cause them.
Apr 27, 2006 moreover, types of pam other than those recommended for erosion control may also be effective in reducing soil erosion. Erosion whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involve three distinct action. Water erosion covers all forms of soil erosion by water, including sheet and rill erosion and gullying. It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your. Erosion is the leading cause of the loss of topsoil and sediment deposits in ditches, streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans. This erosion is associated with the activities of human beings which are responsible to cause soil destruction, indirectly. It also causes plant damage from abrasion, blowouts, and deposition. Break up of soil clodsaggregates and dispersion of soil particles by the kinetic. Feb 28, 2015 jared explains why erosion occurs more slowly when soil is paired with leaf debris or plants, in this simple demonstration you can try at home or in class.
Wind erosion damages the soil by physically removing the most fertile part, lowering waterholding capacity, degrading soil structure, and increasing soil variability across a field, resulting in reduced crop production. The potential for erosion of a specific soil type largely depends on the severity of the slope, the crops grown, and the number and types of tillage operations. The activities such as destruction of natural vegetations through deforestation, shifting cultivation, cultivation of crops without soil protecting measures, exposing the bare soil, increasing and concentrating the runoff and changing the quality of soil i. Soil is the most fundamental and basic natural resource for all life to survive. Soil erosion is the washing or blowing away by water or wind of the top layer of the soil. Interculturing operations will kill weeds and soil mulches help the plants to be rooted firmly in the soil. Wind erosion occurs mainly in steppe areas with large open spaces. It is the weathering of particles of fertile soil in areas not protected by vegetation. Sometimes water flows as a sheet over large areas down a slope. Learn more about the process of erosion and how it changes things, both natural and manmade, on earths surface every day. Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time. Wind blows loose soil off flat or sloping land known as wind erosion.
Rainfall, and the surface runoff which may result from rainfall, produces four main types of soil erosion. Although the process of soil erosion is imperceptibly slow and it can scarcely be detected, the loss over periods of time is indeed very great. What is a way of preventing erosion on hillsides while still using the land for agriculture. Therefore, we can talk of two types of soil erosion viz. Free research papers are not written by our writers, they are contributed by users, so we are not responsible for the content of this free sample paper. When the layer of topsoil is removed, ground becomes unproductive and crops decrease. In this lesson, students work in groups to create a hillside garden and observe what happens during soil erosion. Wind erosion happens when wind gusts blow away unsecured soil. Sep 21, 2017 soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. Natural erosion has sculptured landforms on the uplands and built landforms on the lowlands. Value 1 this form of erosion is no longer visible after cultivation ploughing, hoeing etc. Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. Ppt soil erosion powerpoint presentation free to view. This sample soil erosion research paper is published for educational and informational purposes only.
Runoff washes away the soil particles from sloping. Gullies occur when smaller water flows concentrate and cut a channel through the soil. The amount of hill slope erosion largely depends on how the land. There are three types of weathering, and each type can lead to erosion and changes in landforms. Weathering, soil, and erosion is a noprep printable nonfiction student text. You will first learn about soil erosion from the mechanics, causes and types of soil erosion, as well as various factors affecting soil erosion and the. While there are many types of erosion, all have the same basic process the removal of topsoil by wind or water. The process may be natural or accelerated by human activity.
Precipitation is the most forceful factor causing erosion. Wind erosion refers to loss of soil by wind, occurring primarily in dry regions. Universal soil erosion equation for questions 17, determine what the rate of soil erosion will be without factoring in sustainability measures for two different sites in jordan. It is a process in which the top fertile layer of soil is lost. The erosion due to the impact of falling raindrops on soil surface leading to the destruction of the crumb structure is known as the raindrop or splash erosion. Types of erosion splash, rill, gully, and channel erosion are depicted in figure 1. Sheet erosion it is the uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface caused by the wind. Types of soil erosion and conservation methods legit. Farmers need to protect farmland from the wind by planting windbreaks around their land. This equation provides an estimate of the soil loss rate in tonshectareyear. Moreover, types of pam other than those recommended for erosion control may also be effective in reducing soil erosion.
Soil erosion is one form of soil degradation along with soil compaction, low organic matter, and loss o f soil structure, poor internal drainage, salinization and soil acidity problems. Bullock, in encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 2005. Raindrop splash erosion is caused by the impact of raindrops that detach soil particles. Dec 22, 2015 the following are forms of water erosion. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion. There are several serious effects of soil erosion which are as follows. This science based informational product will provide students and teachers basic facts about the weathering and erosion of rocks and soil. Objectives the objective of this research is to test the influence of 9 types of polyacrylamide pam on water infiltration and soil loss of an arid silt loam soil under simulated rainfall conditions. Rain splash erosion happens when raindrops move the soil.
Water erosion is the most prevalent kind of erosion. Erosion breaks down rocks and soil, and the pieces are moved from one place to another. The removal of topsoil by the natural forces is known as soil erosion. Erosion under the ground grades 56 short reading comprehensions. Soil erosion soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil material. Alternatively growing a cereal and a legume in the same field will not only increase the yield, but also increase the fertility of the soil. It tends to remove silts and clays making the soils sandier. Soil erosion simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Control of rainfallinduced soil erosion with various. There are many factors which influence the process of soil erosion. Soil erosion is the process where wind, water and human beings detach soil particles and deposit them somewhere else. This product includes two pages of background teacher information,15 pages of in.
It may take some time to pinpoint the source of erosion, but with these tips in mind, you can beautify your landscape and protect the environment at the same time. Using vegetation for erosion control on construction sites. Soil erosion is a process of detachment and transportation of soil by natural agencies of water and wind. Type description example chemical involves changes in the minerals of the rock. Splash erosion is generally seen as the first and least severe stage in the soil erosion process, which is followed by sheet erosion, then rill erosion and finally gully erosion the most severe of the four. Soil erosion is the movement and transport of soil by various agents, particularly water, wind, and mass movement. The surface layer of the soil can be destroyed by the actions of water or wind, so it is customary to distinguish water and wind erosion of the soil. Soil erosion, especially in agricultural systems, affects everyone throughout the world. Water and wind erosion are two main agents that degrade soils.
Depending on the local landscape and weather conditions, erosion may be very slow or very rapid. There are several types of water erosion that can cause difficulties for topsoil. They should move herds of sheep and cattle around so that grasses will have time to grow back and help keep the soil free from erosion. Hill slopes are prone to sheet erosion and rill erosion. Several techniques are available to reduce soil erosion, including. Humaninduced intensification of landsliding, caused by vegetation clearance, road construction, etc.
Landforms slope, slope length, and the shape of the slope are important parts that affect erosion processes for all types of soil erosion. Soil and water conservation soil erosion free course. Due to soil erosion, the soil becomes less fertile. The free online course, soil and water conservation engineering introduction to soil erosion, will give you a better understanding of soil and water conservation practices and problems. Soil moves a few inches and usually is redistributed back over the surface soil. Soil erosion occurs when soil is removed through the action of wind and water at a greater rate than it is formed soil the soil covering the surface of the earth has taken millions of years to form and we must learn to respect it. You must find the reasons why look at the characteristics of rainfall. If you want to buy a high quality research paper on history topics at affordable price please use custom research paper writing services.
165 1350 1318 350 653 1138 276 176 436 29 595 201 1390 185 1410 917 693 1219 344 1132 1466 1251 1089 1441 153 713 1221 198 1344 1116 382 1090